Creative writing

1-Creative writing is anything where the purpose is to express though, feeling, and emotion rather than to simply convey information.

2-It is writing that expresses the writer's thoughts, and feelings in an imagination ,often unique and poetic way.

3-It is any writing that goes outside the bounds of normal professional ,journalistic, academic or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on narrative craft, character development, and use of literary tropes.

Elements of creative writing

1-Characters

2-Point of view

3-plot

4-Setting

5-Dialoue

6-Style

7-Theme

Forms of creative writing

1-Epic

2-Flash fiction

3-Novels

4-Short story

5-Poetry

Types of writing

1-poetic : writing in musical way and using lines.

2-Prosaic:writing in normal text.

Elements of short story

1-Setting: We should decide where and when it is happen.

2-Plot:events (it is to decide where to start story, what is the climax and how to end the story.

3-Characters:we have positive and negative characters.

4-Conflict:if there is no conflict, the story will be boring.

5-The theme: the main ideas of the story.

How to read a poem

1-Read the poem.

2-Identify the speaker and situation.

3-Read the poem more than once.

4-Read sentences literally.

5-Read each line noting unusual words.

6-Check the meaning of the words.

7-Study the structure of the poem.

Elements of poetry

There is an argument about reading poetry. some people said that poem must read for its message and other said poem should read for enjoy . it is beauty for enjoy such as words ,symbols and images used.

Elements of poetry

1-Stanzas are series of lines grouped together and separated by and empty line from other stanzas. One way to identify stanza is to count the number of lines. 

Types of stanzas:

A-Couplet (2 lines)

B-Quatrain (4 lines)

2-Form: poem may or may not have specific number of lines, rhyme scheme or metrical pattern. But it can still be named according to its style. There are three most common types of poem according to form:

1-Lyric poem: it is any poem with one speaker. He expresses strong feeling and thought

2-Narrative poem: it is poem that tell story. It has introduction, conflict, character ,rising action climax and felling action.

Descriptive poem: it is poem that describes the world surrounding the speaker. It uses elaborate imagery and adjective.

3-Rhyme scheme is reputation of similar sound. In poetry, the most common kind  of rhyme is the end rhyme ,which  occurs at end of two or more lines.

4-Figurative devices: some of figurative devices are simile, metaphor and symbols.  

Reem Al-Lawate

The biography

     Reem Al-Lawate is an Omani poet. She was born in Muscat.  She works in bank. She begins writing poetry at the age of fifteen under a pseudonym. She had to remain anonymous, because her poetry often dealt with themes of love, which were considered taboo. She holds Higher Diploma in education from Beirut and Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Qatar. She impacts in her poetry by Elia Abu Madi, Nazek, Fadwa, Darwish and Nizar Qabbani. She has published in many periodicals local and Arab. She had a corner in the weekly cultural supplement to youth newspaper for three years in a row. She participated in many soirees and cultural events, local, Gulf and Arab. She writes about contemporary issues, which is regard by Arab women. She also writes on relationships, including topics of love and romance. She once wrote a poem about the way a man looks at a woman, a girl falling in love and she says "I talk about issues that people are not acknowledging, but she admits that there are limitations for her as a writer.

General meaning

     This poem is about love affair between man and woman. They consider the love'' fate'' that giving by God, and no one can run away from it. Also that, they assume the love is as immortal and instinctive thing in the life.

Detail meaning

     At the first stanza, he praises the God, because He made the love ''fate" to him and her. He requires from her to offer her love before the dream is extinguished or the love end. In line three, he said that they began to love other in the one of the God's month. He considers her as strange woman, because she did not offer her love for him. Then, he told us that the going away from her make him to feel by isolation, because he will be alone.

     At the second stanza, she also praises the God for made the love ''fate'' to them. In line two, she said the one love support the other love, and it will be stay same until they are died. After, she tells only the God more know the apropos time than them, so

(1)

the God controls every thing in the life. In line four, (two eyes) refer to the sun and the moon, and they are observing the absence of the love, and it asks, if the love will rise, when the sunrise or less.

     In the third stanza, they are both said that, the mercy on the love is more than woman creates from man's rib, and here, there is quote from Adem and Eve story.  Also, the love is more than swelling or leaving emptiness inside her.  They praise to God. In line five, they continue talk about creation of Eve, which is came from nonbeing, and then the life followed in its limbs.

     In the fourth stanza, she or he continues story of Adem and Eve. They do sin, and the God decline them from the heaven to land. Then, he started to require forgive and intercession from the God, because the sin more than chapter of their life.

     In the fifth stanza, he requires from her to come until paint star on her palm. Maybe   this star to guide her and the henna will appear in her other palm. (Wave to direction) maybe mean the way of life. The way of her life no one knows just her, and no one will tread on, but him, because no one there except him. After that, he requires from her to gush the love to him.  That love uses to overflow flood of Gods of love.

     In the sixth stanza, she wants to wash herself in him. Then, she said the love is bridge   the God extended it between two hearts. In line three mentions to the love between them abundant or increase when they are met and they drowned in it.

     In the couple, there is secret between them. They praise the God and they require from the God to save them from miss and yearning.

Figure of speech

1- Water symbols to the love

2- Night symbols to the sin

3- (Make the dry river in my land gush)

(2)

There is metaphor here and he compares himself without love as dry river without water.

     In my opinion, I see this poem has deep meaning. It is unrhymed. The poet uses free and strong word. Also she uses difficult pictures that are difficult to understand. I observe that she is overstating in her feeling and emotion through of the poem.    

Ernest Hemingway (The Snowed of Kilimanjaro)

Ernest Hemingway (The Snowed of Kilimanjaro)

     Ernest Hemingway is writer of 20 century. He wrote many works as The Sun Also Rising, Farewell To Arms, The Old  Man and The  Sea and To Whom the Bell Tolls. All these works written after war. He won Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and Nobel Prize in 1954. Most of his works related to wars. He witness World War I, World War II and Spanish Civil War. He witness horror of war as ambulance driver. He committed  suicide in 1961.

The Snowed of Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro is high mountain in Africa and it always cover with snow. This novel take place in Africa. All about Hurry is flashback, because he is not happy with present and he did not love Helen. He did not tell her ,because he know that he will died. He failed two time as writer because:

1-He has life of pleasure.

2-He was not brave enough to put his feeling and ideas in paper.

Function of memories :

1-He wrote all books that he wanted to write in reality.

2- To forget his pains

3-He is not happy with present

The image of his ascending:

1-The plane life off and heads toward summit.

2-Comption refuse cup of tea.

3-There were only one seat for Hurry. No room for any passengers.

What was saved Hurry:

1-Giving his morphine pills to Williamson.  

2-His mental writing while he is in great pains.

3-Not telling Helen the truth about his feeling.

The theme

1-The bohemian lifestyle of  travel among intellectual was very trendy than remaining in place where virtuous no longer behavior no longer  faith in religious was broken. This is one of major feature of literature of last generation.

2-Decadace : when their ideals where shattered by work ,because of this , they set pleasure as their highest goals. Their life become shallow. It is this life that Hurry is trying to get away from. This is why he has flashback in which the past is much better  than present. To forget his pain, he go back in memory to time when he was happy.

3-Death is central theme in all Hemingway works be it actual or contention death. Also, he always examine how men react and behave in face of death.

4-The flashbacks are events of his life that he always wanted to write ,but he never did. They always put together present with past which  always seem full of promise, perfect and happy place.   

The last generation

The last generation

1-The Last generation  is generation of men and women who came of age during or immediately following World War I .

2-A group of American writers of this generation include Ernest Hamingway,F.Scott Fitzgerald,John Dos Possos and T.S.Eliot.

They are living in Europe mainly Paris. They leave America ,because they were not satisfied with present. Also, the past was beautiful place for them. Their work reflect the war experiences. The dissolution came to the last generation. They lost their faith, religion, tradition and culture. All have change after the war. Men come back from the war to face society. They did not know were unable to recognize(identify with) sense of less. Bohemian life style was adopted  by Last Generation. They wanted life of pleasure.   

Franny and Zooey

Franny and Zooey

They are famous radio talk show in late 1940. They are rich, famous, good life style, not confortable and have spiritual  crisis. The writer of this novel wrote about one family and he wrote in general interest in fame and effect of celebrity.

The themes

1-Alienation and loss of innocence (we move from child world to adult world. Through of that, we lost innocence. In the adult world, we have rules. We can accepts it or not. If we accept, we are conform as Lane. If we do not accept, we are alienated as Franny).

2- Material and spiritual life (American society of 1950s was society concerned with money, success and power (other direct). It ignores the spiritual needs of  people. This is why someone like Franny seeks salvation  in Eastern religious(Buddhism and Hindus). For that ,she use green book of prayer to find solution for her spiritual crisis).

3-Art and writing (art is way of expression ,and the writing is way out of material world. Art speak about poetry.  Lance said that is from mind and Franney Said that is from heart. Franney see act as phony while Zooey as actor who does not regard acting as phony. This is because he is elder of her  

Rose for Emily

Rose for Emily

This short story at its heart is tale about the compressor society and the way in which they can destroy people.

The incidents of the story

1-Death of her father (tell us about Emily and her father relation(hat/love) ).

2-Met Homer and fell love with him (need love and man in her life)

3-The neighbors moaned about the bad smell

4-Argument with town council about taxes

5-Buying poison(He will  leave her. She cannot stand another loss so she kill him and keep his body)

6-She gives painting lesson

7-Visit relative(They arrived. Homer leave. They leave . Homer back)

8-Death of Emily

9-The minister's visit

10-She buy clothes  for Homer(She contained that he marry her)

The incidents of this story is unlined, because Faulkner present his story in random fragment. It is not until the final sentence that the entire picture of miss Emily is complete. We realize that having been denied male companionship by her father. She despairs for human love , so she commits murder and then she uses her aristocratic position to cover up that murder. But by killing Homer ,she sentences herself to be alone.

Point of view

Setting

In south America in Jefferson (1800-1900)

The atmosphere is gloomy and mysterious

Conflict

People VS Emily (external conflict) a-

Because of :

1-Taxes

2-Mail box

3-Relation with Homer

4-The bad smell

Emily VS Homer (psychological conflict) b-

 c-Emily VS her father

Narrator

Third person(omniscience) known every things

characters

1-Emily

2-Her father

3-Homer

4-Town people (women/men)

5-Pharmciat

Major themes

1-Decay of the south

a-New generation /new idea replacing the old aristocratic  class (e.g buying taxes)

b-It represent to gap between generation( old/new)  and Emily is bridged between them.

2-Rich VS poor

3-Women's need for rose  

The Tempest

     William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor. He was born in 1616  in Stratford-upon-Avon. He wrote 37 plays. He wrote in romance, tragedy and history. The one of famous play is Tempest. It was written between 1610–1611 in England. It was published in 1623. It tells the story of the life and exile of Prospero, the former Duke of Milan. Prospero loses his title of Duke at the hands of his brother and the King of Naples (Alonso), because of his love and attention to magic instead of his attention to his duties as Duke. When he does not die after being sent away in exile, he survives on an island with his daughter, practices magic and plots revenge against his enemies. Once he tricks his enemies, he forgives them, regains his title as Duke, and returns to Milan. Many people believe Prospero's character is representative of Shakespeare and his life as a writer.

     There are many characteristics of the protagonist. The first one is courageous.  Protagonist is willing to face his fears, and meet them head on.  He or she is willing to make hard decisions, even when the likely outcome is grim.  He’s committed to a notion of what is right or just, and has the determination to keep pushing forward no matter what. The second one is skilled. He possesses an important skill which makes it possible to face overwhelming odds and have a chance of success. The third one is sacrificial. At some point in the story, the protagonist is willing to give up his life.  In some cases this takes the form of a sacrificial death.  In others, he is willing to face serious danger, which is likely to result in his own demise.  In each instance, the odds of survival are slim, and the risk is taken for the well-being of others. The fourth one is destined. There is something about the protagonist which makes him the right person to meet the challenge.  He is destined to face the source of the danger, and is especially suited to do so.  This could be due to heredity, history, prophecy or the will of God. The fifth one, the protagonist should be the central character in play and sets up all of the action. The sixth one, he should control every things in the play or has power. The last one, the character of protagonist grows in the play and it is likable among people.      

     Prospero is the protagonist of Tempest play, because he is the protagonist of the main plot of the play. He has been cheated by his brother Antonio, who unlawfully usurped the dukedom from him twelve years before the start of the play. Now Prospero has the chance to undo the wrongs done to him since his rivals have been brought to his enchanted island. Also he is the central figure in the play; he sets up all of the action, or at least knows all of it and exerts his influence over the events in some way. He is at turns a noble and merciful character, as well as a spiteful autocrat. Despite interacting differently with different characters, Prospero is the central pivot in the play, as events turn around him. Also that, he enjoys power over nature and over people; for example, Prospero generates a storm with the spirit Ariel, to wreck his brother Antonio's ship, thus, those on-board are washed up on the island. Prospero is authoritative, autocratic and he is unpleasant to Ferdinand for being a spy. Ferdinand tried to take the island (as his father Alonzo helped usurp Prospero's Dukedom in Milan twelve years before) and for this, Prospero imprisons him.

Furthermore, The Tempest is a play about reconciliation, forgiveness, and faith in future generations to seal such reconciliation. However, while it is clear that the theme of forgiveness is at the heart of the drama, what is up for debate is to what extent the author realizes this forgiveness. An examination of the attitudes and actions of the major characters in the play, specifically Prospero, illustrates that there is little, if any, true forgiveness and reconciliation in The Tempest. Moreover, he becomes a more likeable character after he realizes he brought many of his problems upon himself and realizes forgiveness is the right things to do. He expresses his love for Miranda and forgives his enemies. Prospero is nice to Ferdinand and welcomes him into his family to marry his daughter. Prospero's character grows when he finds the courage to confront the shipwrecked men, including Alonso, but forgives them for their behavior against him and their plot to kill him. When the men return to Italy, Prospero once again receives his title as Duke of Milan. In addition, Prospero feels free to forgive those who sinned against him only after he has emerged triumphant and has seen the men, now mournful and "penitent", pay for their transgressions. Further evidence to support the claim that Prospero’s quality of mercy is strained, and that a truly sincere reconciliation fails to develop, comes when Prospero finally confronts King Alonso, Sebastian, and Antonio and announces that he is the right Duke of Milan. Finally, through this play, Prospero appears that he is brave, intelligent, ambitious and daring, and he achieve whole of his goals and plans.by whole these, he consider the protagonist of the Tempest.

     To sum up, the Tempest is one tragedy play. The important character of this play is Prospero. He is the protagonist because of many reasons. The first one, brave, intelligent, ambitious and daring is characteristics of the protagonist and we see them in the Prospero character. The second one, the protagonist should control everything and has power as Prospero who had magic power. The third one, he should be central character in play and sets up all of the action.