Introduction
Psychology is scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
This science interest in the human's emotion, perception, memories and sensory.
Also, we have sensory organs as ears, skin, tongue, nose ,eyes and this science
study how these organs gather the information and send to brain until be
understand. So, in my assignment, I will write about what is Sensation and
perception and how our sensory organs gather the information and send to brain
to understand.
Sensation and perception
Sensation is the process
by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain. Or it is process by which stimulation of a sensory
receptor produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, a
visual image, an odor, a taste, a pain, or other sensory image. It represents
as the first series of steps in processing of incoming information.
Examples
1-When you smell something from your
kitchen, the action of smelling is the sensation.
2-When you taste food, the action of tasting is the sensation.
3-When you hear someone scream, the action
of hearing is the sensation.
Perception
Perception
is when the brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into
something meaningful or something that can be made sense by us. Furthermore,
(1)
perception is how one "receives" this feeling or thought,
and gives meaning to it
through memories and emotions. Perception is mainly how our brain
interprets a sensation. Information is obtained through collector, receptor,
transmission, and coding mechanisms. Sensation and perception complement each
other to create meanings from what we experience, yet they are two completely
different ways of how we interpret our world.
Examples
1-You perceive rain as romantic and thrilling while your friend
perceives it as depressing and cold.
2-You and your friend examine an ink blot. You may see it as a
picture of a butterfly, but your friend may see a flower.
3-When you walk outside, the wind hitting your skin is the
sensation. You deciding it is cold out and it's becoming winter is your
perception of this sensation.
How our sensory organs gather sensory information and convert it
into signals our brain can understand
There are five senses:
sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. There are organs connected with these
sense that take in information that is sent to the brain so that the body can
act on it. All of our senses gather information from the outside world ,so that
your brain can process it and decide what it wants to do with that information.
The most active muscles in your body are the ones in your eyes. Your eyes have
over 2 million working parts and the ability to process thirty-six thousand
bits of information
(2)
every hour.
Eyes
Vision
begins with light passing through the cornea and the lens, which combine to
produce a clear image of the visual world on a sheet of photoreceptors called
the retina. The image on the retina is
reversed the objects above the center
project to the lower part and vice versa. The information from the retina is sent via the optic nerve to other parts of
the brain, which ultimately process the image and allow us to see.
Ears
Every
sound we hear is the result of sound waves entering our ears and causing our
eardrums to vibrate. These vibrations are then transferred along the tiny bones
of the middle ear and converted into nerve signals. The cortex then processes
these signals, telling us what we are hearing.
Tongue
The
tongue contains small groups of sensory cells called taste buds that react to
chemicals in foods. Taste buds react to sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.
Messages are sent from the taste buds to the areas in the cortex responsible
for processing taste.
Nose
Olfactory
cells in the mucous membranes lining each nostril react to chemicals we breathe
in and send messages along specific nerves to the brain.
Skin
(3)
The
skin contains more than 4 million sensory receptors and mostly of them concentrated in the fingers,
tongue, and lips that gather information
related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and send it to the brain for
processing and reaction.
Conclusion
To
sum up, sensation is process of our senses gather information and send it to
the brain. Perception is when the brain organize the information to something
can be made sense by us. We have five
senses(sight, hearing, taste, smell, and tough) . The organs of these senses
connected together and take the information to send to brain until understand
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